The Psychology of Post-Conventional Morality and Martin Luther King Jr.

Introduction Morals, as defined by psychologist, are the attitudes and beliefs held by individuals that aid in the determination or what is right and what is wrong (Hock 142). It is believed that what is deemed moral is determined by our culture and the norms present in that culture. It is also believed that we are not born with an established set of morals; instead, we must gain this outline of what is moral throughout our childhood and adolescence and into adulthood. In order to properly analyze the extent Bandura social learning theory plays in the attainment of level three, stage six, of Kohlberg’s moral development theory the theories of Kohlberg and Bandura must be properly outlined. The application of these theories will then by applied to case of Martin Luther King, Jr. who observed, through texts, the non-violent protest methods of Mohandas Gandhi. Lawrence Kohlberg, focusing his research on Jean Piaget, gained in interest in child development. While at the University of Chicago, Kohlberg expounded upon the ideas set forth by Piaget and posed the question â€Å"how does the amoral infant become capable of moral reasoning† (Hock 143)? As a result of his research, Kohlberg created his moral development stage theory. His theory consists of three stages and each stage has two respective levels. In the first level, known as either pre-conventional morality or pre-moral, a person shows only self interest. In the first stage of this level a person will act morally simply because they are motivated by rewards or punishments. In stage two, the best interest of the person is the motivation for moral behavior. Conventional morality, the second level, is where a person’s relationship between others plays a larger role in moral beha... ...an be suggested that one can develop morally even in the absence of this direct model-observer interaction if all other conditions are met. These conditions being: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation. This essay has attempted at asserting that history can have a direct impact on moral development and can act as the model when applied to situations that contain the combination of factors. Bibliography 1) Hock, Roger R. Forty Studies that Changed Psychology: Explorations into the History of Psychological Research. 5th. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2005. 142-50. Print. 2) Weber, Thomas Gandhi as Disciple and Mentor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 3) Rudolf, Lloyd L., and Susanne Hoeber Rudolf. Post Modern Gandhi and other essays. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006. 92-120. Print.

Yann Martel

Canongate reveals Martel's Holocaust tale Listen Select: : BOOK NEWS Canongate has exclusively revealed details of the forthcoming novel by Yann Martel, his first since the 2002 Man Booker-winner Life of Pi was published eight years ago. Entitled Beatrice and Virgil, the book is due for publication next June. It is being released simultaneously by Knopf Canada, Random House imprint Spiegel & Grau in New York, Text Publishing in Australia and Penguin India.The story follows Henry, who on being posed â€Å"a puzzle that he cannot resist† is pulled into the world of taxidermy, and the lives of the eponymous characters–a donkey named Beatrice and a monkey called Virgil. Canongate said the book, which tackles the topic of the Holocaust, â€Å"takes us somewhere truly unexpected and shocking†, asking â€Å"profound moral and philosophical questions about the nature of love and evil†.Jamie Byng, managing director and publisher of Canongate, said: â€Å"Life of Pi was always going to be an extremely tricky book to follow up, not least because of the expectations of Yann's many fans. â€Å"Thankfully, Yann has risen to the challenge by writing another exceptional novel, a wildly imaginative and multilayered story that engrosses from the first page and leaves you asking questions long after you have turned the last. I was stunned by Beatrice and Virgil and all of us at Canongate are enormously excited about taking this book to as many readers as we can. The publication will be supported by â€Å"an impressive PR and marketing campaign†, which will include consumer and social media advertising, widespread media coverage, author interviews, an extensive online campaign and events and festival appearances across the UK. Retailers are now being invited to pitch for signings. Canongate has â€Å"high hopes† for the book, as Life of Pi remains the most successful Booker winner ever. The publisher repackaged the title this July, whic h Canongate said trebled sales when compared with the previous year. ~~~~~~~~

Advancements in Medicine During Wwi - 1012 Words

ENG/101 The First World War originated in new and huge problems for both military authorities and military health service. (Marc, B., 2002, Paragraph 1) There were many advances in medicine and surgery during World War One because of the many individuals that were injured. Hospitals were developed, medicines were created, surgical procedures, and even the ambulance all were developed during World War One. There were also many weapons developed during this war which led to many wounded or dead individuals. Many of the injured individuals were injured by grenades, gaseous agents, bombs, or bullets. At the beginning of the nurses did not know†¦show more content†¦The medical team providing the life saving operation was not provided with enough training and did not screen donors for issues with their blood. This led to soldiers dieing while waiting or they would contract diseases. After working on this program the system was improved. The time on the operating room was approximately 43 minutes at first and when the system was improved the time went down to approximately 26 minutes. After the improvement within the Emergency Whole Blood Program the patients were no longer in jeopardy of receiving diseases through the blood they receive. It is known that during World War One there were several advancements in the medical field, but did you know that ‘Get Well Cards’ were one of those advancements? Get well cards were first used in the 1400s and were made from either paper or wood. They were used to send other family members home remedies or a much needed loving note. They were used to make people feel better, and that is good for your health. Get well cards are still used today for many of the same reasons, but they have expanded tremendously. 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